Characters: Letters that make up words.

Letters = ["a, b, c, d, e, f"]

print(Letters)

['a, b, c, d, e, f']

Strings: Sequence of characters that represent text.

strings = ["apple, banana, carrot"]

print(strings)

['apple, banana, carrot']

Length: The amount of characters in a string.

string = "hellobye"
x = string[0:8]
y = string[0:5]
z = string[5:8]
print(x)
print(len(string))
print(y)
print(z)

hellobye
8
hello
bye

Concatenation: combination of strings to make sentences.

string1 = ("Hello how are you?")
string2 = ("Im good!")

print(string1, string2)

Hello how are you? Im good!

Traversing Strings: Iterate over the characters in teh string.

greeting = "Hello, how are you?"
for o in greeting:
    print(o)

H
e
l
l
o
,
 
h
o
w
 
a
r
e
 
y
o
u
?

Python if: An if statement is used when you want something to happen IF another thing has occurred.

x = 1

if x == 1:
    print("x is 1")

x is 1

Elif: It stands for else if, this is used when the first statement is false but you want to check for another condition.

price = 100

if price > 100:
    print("price is greater than 100")
elif price == 100:
    print("price is 100")
elif price < 100:
    print("price is less than 100")

price is 100

Else Conditional: This is used when the first statement is false so you want to run another statement.

hour = 19
if (hour < 18):
  greeting = ("Good day")
else:
  greeting = ("Good evening")

print (greeting)

Good evening

Nested selection statements: whenever selection statements are inside another selection statement.

hour = 19
if hour > 15:
    if hour == 15:
        print("it is 15 hours")
    elif hour == 16:
        print("it is 16 hours")
    elif hour == 17:
        print("it is 17 hours")
    elif hour == 18:
        print("it is 18 hours")
    elif hour == 19:
        print("it is 19 hours")

it is 19 hours

While loops with range: While loop is code that keeps running until a certain condition is met, the range would cause only the things in that range to print.

for num in range(1, 11):

    print(num)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

With lists combining loops with conditionals to break: first create a list, then use a loop so it stops when it reaches a certain number in the list.

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

for number in numbers:
    if number == 7:
        break

print(number)

7

Continue procedural abstraction: Variables are first defined, then later they are used again to solve the problem.

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

x = 3
y = 6

print(multiply(x, y))

18

python def procedures: allows you to define a procedure so you can use it more efficiently later on.

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

Parameters: Its a variable/placeholder for the values of a function.

def add(x, y): 
    return x + y # in this case the parameter is x and y

Return values: the value that function returns to when it wants to recall a variable.

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

x = 3
y = 6

print(multiply(x, y)) # recalls a variable previously defined